Singapore’s national water agency PUB is accelerating its coastal protection programme, with S$3.5 billion allocated for the first phase of infrastructure construction. The investment covers site-specific studies, engineering design, and initial construction works at priority coastal areas.
Priority Sites
City-East Coast, Jurong Island, and the northwestern coastline have been identified as priority areas. At City-East Coast, plans include a mix of seawalls, earthen bunds, and tidal gates. The Long Island project — a proposed reclaimed island off East Coast Park — is being studied as a potential dual-purpose solution combining coastal protection with new waterfront housing.
Nature-Based Solutions
PUB is exploring nature-based solutions where feasible, including mangrove restoration at Sungei Buloh and Pulau Ubin, and hybrid engineering approaches combining rock revetments with planted terraces. These solutions aim to provide ecological co-benefits including biodiversity habitat and carbon sequestration.
Regional Context
Singapore’s efforts come as Southeast Asian coastal cities face accelerating risks from sea level rise. A 2025 study published in Nature Climate Change projected that without adaptation, annual flood damages in major Asian coastal cities could exceed US$1 trillion by 2050. Singapore, Jakarta, Bangkok, and Ho Chi Minh City are among the most exposed urban centers.
Source: PUB Singapore, Nature Climate Change
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